Ayurvedic Management of Katishoola with Special Reference to Low Back Pain: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Katishoola, commonly understood as low back pain (LBP), is a widely prevalent musculoskeletal condition that significantly affects functional capacity and quality of life across all age groups. In Ayurveda, Katishoola is described as a Vata-predominant disorder categorized under Vata Vyadhi. It is characterized by symptoms such as pain, stiffness, restricted movement, and discomfort in the lower back region. While modern medicine attributes such conditions to muscular strain, disc pathology, or postural imbalances, Ayurveda views them through the lens of doshic imbalance, particularly the vitiation of Vata dosha affecting the Kati (lumbar) region. This comprehensive review explores the Ayurvedic understanding of Katishoola, encompassing its nidana (etiological factors), samprapti (pathogenesis), lakshana (clinical features), and chikitsa (treatment principles). The article synthesizes knowledge from authoritative classical texts along with supportive clinical data. Emphasis is laid on the effectiveness of Panchakarma therapies such as Basti, Kati Basti, and Agnikarma, along with internal medications like Guggulu and Churna Kalpana. Additionally, the review highlights the importance of dietary adjustments, lifestyle corrections, yoga practices, and Rasayana therapy for long-term management and prevention. Integrating these time-tested Ayurvedic approaches with modern clinical insight offers a holistic framework for addressing low back pain. This article aims to contribute to evidence-informed integrative medicine and promote the relevance of classical Ayurvedic interventions in the contemporary management of Katishoola.