AGNIVICHAR IN ARSHA VYADHI – A REVIEW

Abstract

Background: Arsha (haemorrhoids) is among the most common anorectal disorders, affecting 5–11% of the population at any given time and nearly 50% of individuals at some point in life. Classical Ayurvedic texts describe Arsha as mansankur vriddhi at gudavali, whereas modern medicine considers it a symptomatic enlargement and downward displacement of the anal cushions.

Objective: This review evaluates the role of Agni (digestive and metabolic fire) in the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, prognosis, and management of Arsha Vyadhi.

Methods: A comprehensive review of classical Ayurvedic texts—Sushruta Samhita, Charaka Samhita, Ashtanga Hridaya, and Madhava Nidana—along with modern Ayurvedic and biomedical research articles was performed.

Results: Evidence from classical literature consistently indicates that Agnimandya plays a pivotal role at every stage of Arsha Vyadhi, from hetu to recurrence. Mandagni is highlighted as the essential predisposing factor by Acharyas, and modern research correlates this with dietary errors, constipation, and impaired gut motility. Deepana-Pachana drugs, Takra, and post-procedure Agni-supportive regimens remain central therapeutic strategies.

Conclusion: Agni balance is fundamental in preventing, treating, and minimizing recurrence of Arsha. Integrating Agni-oriented management with contemporary interventions may significantly improve clinical outcomes.