Ayurline: International Journal of Research in Indian Medicine
Ayurline: International Journal of Research in Indian Medicine (IJ-RIM) is a peer-reviewed Indexed journal published by Mudita Publication, Chembur, Mumbai, India. The Journal provides a forum for research workers in Ayurved, Unani Yoga, Siddha, and other medicinal systems originating from the Asian continental. The journal aims to publish research articles on current issues and challenges of society regarding their health awareness and diseased conditions. The mission of the Journal is to publish advanced theoretical and empirical research in Ayurved with a noticeable contribution and impact to the development of this discipline and preferably with practice relevancies.
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A Comprehensive review of Bhallatak (Semecarpus anacardium Linn.) as an agnideepana dravya in the management of Agnimandya
This research presents a comprehensive review of Bhallatak (Semecarpus anacardium) as an Agnideepana (digestive stimulant) dravya, with a particular focus on its role in addressing Agnimandya (impaired digestive fire) as documented in classical Ayurvedic texts. Agnimandya, characterized by diminished digestive capacity, manifests as a precursor to various gastrointestinal disorders, necessitating effective therapeutic interventions. Traditional Ayurvedic literature substantiates the potent properties of Bhallatak in stimulating Agni, enhancing metabolic processes, and alleviating digestive disturbances .This analysis explores the phytochemical composition of Bhallatak, identifying key bioactive constituents that contribute to its Agnideepana action. Studies indicate that the presence of flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and other phytochemicals in Bhallatak significantly influences its efficacy in revitalizing digestive functions. By thoroughly analyzing the historical context and contemporary interpretations of Bhallatak's therapeutic applications, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of its role in managing Agnimandya . In conclusion, the review establishes Bhallatak as a valuable Agnideepana dravya. This synthesis of classical knowledge aims to promote further research on the therapeutic potential of Bhallatak in digestive health management.
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Role of Dinacharya and Ritucharya in the Regulation of Agni: An Integrative Perspective with Gut Microbiota and Chronobiology.
Agni is fundamental concept in Ayurveda governing digestion, metabolism, and transformation at both systemic and cellular levels. The balanced Agni ensures proper digestion, nourishment of tissues, immunity, and vitality, whereas disturbed Agni leads to incomplete digestion, Ama formation, and disease. To preserve Agni, Ayurveda prescribes Dinacharya (daily regimen) and Ritucharya (seasonal regimen), which align lifestyle and diet with natural biological rhythms. Dinacharya supports circadian regulation of Agni through early rising, proper elimination, exercise, timely meals, and adequate sleep, all of which stabilize metabolic hormones and gut microbial rhythms. Ritucharya guides seasonal dietary adaptations that correspond with microbial shifts, such as increased Firmicutes during colder seasons and increased Bacteroidetes during warm seasons. The annual cycle is divided into Adana Kala and Visarga Kala, each influencing Agni, Doshas, and physical strength. Classical descriptions of seasonal variation in digestive capacity closely parallel modern scientific observations on circadian rhythm, chrononutrition, and seasonal changes in gut microbiota. Contemporary research shows that gut microbes exhibit daily and seasonal rhythmicity, influenced by meal timing, sleep patterns, physical activity, and dietary composition. These microbial adaptations mirror Ayurvedic concepts of Agni modulation across seasons. Ayurvedic principles with modern microbiome science highlights the relevance of Dinacharya and Ritucharya as effective preventive strategies for maintaining digestive health, metabolic balance, and overall well-being.
AGNI AND PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS (CHINTA): IMPACT ON APPETITE AND DIGESTION – AN AYURVEDIC AND CONTEMPORARY REVIEW
Agni is the fundamental biological and metabolic principle described in Ayurveda, governing digestion, metabolism, tissue nourishment, vitality, immunity, and mental clarity. Classical Ayurvedic texts repeatedly emphasize that the functional integrity of Agni is inseparably linked to psychological states, collectively described as Manasika Bhavas. Among these, Chinta (psychological stress, excessive worry, or sustained mental preoccupation) is identified as a potent causative factor for Agni Dushti, impaired appetite, faulty digestion, and psychosomatic disease manifestation. Contemporary biomedical science similarly recognizes psychological stress as a critical modulator of appetite regulation, digestive physiology, metabolic homeostasis, and the gut–brain axis. This review critically analyzes classical Ayurvedic literature and correlates it with modern scientific evidence to elucidate the relationship between psychological stress and Agni, with special emphasis on its effects on appetite and digestion. The paper highlights Agni as a psychosomatic regulator and underscores the relevance of integrative approaches for the prevention and management of stress-related digestive and metabolic disorders.
Importance of agni in the context of ocular health, pathogenesis, and treatment: an Ayurvedic review
Background: Agni, the metabolic and digestive force described in Ayurveda, is the foundation of good health. The eye (Netra), considered Tejomaya and dependent on Alochaka Pitta, is profoundly influenced by systemic Agni. Classical texts state that a wholesome diet nourishes the senses, including vision, whereas a faulty diet (viruddha ahāra) and impaired Agni lead to Ama formation and ocular diseases. Modern evidence confirms the gut–eye axis linking digestive inflammation with ocular pathologies. Objective: To review classical Ayurvedic concepts and contemporary scientific evidence on the role of Agni in ocular physiology, pathogenesis of eye disorders, and treatment. Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted using classical Ayurvedic texts (Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, and Ashtanga Hridaya), commentaries, and modern biomedical databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus). The keywords included Agni, Ama, Alochaka Pitta, ocular inflammation, ocular degeneration, gut–eye axis, Ayurveda, diet, and eye health. Results: 5 major themes emerged: (1) fundamental concepts of vision in Ayurveda; (2) relationship between Agni and Alochaka Pitta; (3) pathogenesis of eye disorders due to Agni Mandya and Ama; (4) correlation with modern ocular diseases such as diabetic retinopathy, AMD, dry eye, and CVS; (5) therapeutic strategies including Agni Deepana, Ama Pachana, Pathya Ahara, Rasayana, and Panchakarma. Conclusion: Ayurveda describes a holistic and interconnected framework linking Agni with ocular health centuries before modern science recognized the gut–eye axis. Impairment of Agni and subsequent Ama formation contribute significantly to inflammatory and degenerative eye disease. Diet-centered management, Agni therapies, and ocular Rasayana offer preventive and therapeutic benefits.
The Gut-Eye Axis and Mandagni: An Integrated Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Framework for Dry Eye Disease Management- A Review article
Abstract Background: The Gut-Eye Axis (GEA) defines a crucial bidirectional link where intestinal integrity and microbial balance significantly modulate systemic inflammatory status, impacting ocular health. Dry Eye Disease (DED) is a widespread, chronic inflammatory disorder [1] frequently managed only symptomatically by conventional methods. The identification of systemic drivers is critical for achieving therapeutic breakthroughs. Aim: To synthesize contemporary GEA research, focusing on DED pathogenesis via cytokine and metabolite pathways, with the classical Ayurvedic concepts of Agni (digestive fire), Ama (toxins), and Pitta vitiation. This integration aims to propose a unified, evidence-based diagnostic protocol and a three-phase integrated management strategy. Methods: A narrative review was conducted, synthesizing clinical and preclinical studies on the GEA mechanism in ocular inflammation with classical Ayurvedic texts (Charaka Samhita[4] and Astanga Hrdayam[5]). The synthesis was established through the evaluation of functional homology between modern immunological markers and traditional Ayurvedic pathological processes. Proposed Observation/Results: Gut Dysbiosis is demonstrated to be functionally homologous to Mandagni (impaired Agni), leading to the formation of systemically active endotoxins and inflammatory signaling molecules (Ama, such as LPS and pro-inflammatory cytokines). The subsequent DED-specific ocular surface damage and inflammation are primarily mediated by Pitta vitiation Conclusion: The integrated GEA-Agni-Ama framework provides a sophisticated, personalized model for understanding DED etiology. A phased management protocol focusing sequentially on Agni restoration, gut barrier repair, and systemic Pitta expulsion promises a more holistic and effective approach to managing chronic DED.
A Concept of Agni in vatarakta with special reference to gout
WHO defines Health as “A state of complete physical, mental & social well-being and merely the absence of disease or infirmity”. Health of an individual solely depends on his diet and lifestyle. But with the march of time, in the rapid modernization most of dietary habits, social structure, lifestyle & environment have been changing. Agni is a crucial component of digestion and metabolism in our bodies, according to Ayurveda. Strength, health, longevity, vital breath, and the amount of food that should be ingested are all attributed to agni. In Ayurveda, Agni is responsible for the digestion, absorption, and assimilation of ingested food, which is necessary for life maintenance. Vatarakta is a disorder where the Vata dosha (principle of movement) and Rakta dhatu (blood tissue) are primarily vitiated. The impairment of Agni contributes to this pathology, the weak Jatharagni also affects the Dhatvagni (tissue-level metabolic fires). When Agni is impaired, food and metabolic products are not properly digested and metabolized. This leads to the formation and accumulation of undigested, toxic by-products called Ama. This means the tissues, especially Rasa (plasma) and Rakta (blood), do not receive proper nourishment, leading to the accumulation of improperly processed Dhatus (tissues) and toxins at a cellular level, causing inflammation and pain characteristic of Vatarakta. Sedentary lifestyle along with mental stress, consumption of nonveg and highly protein diet, excessive alcohol intake are some of the causing factors which origins acute exacerbation of Vatarakta.
A review study of the role of hingvastaka churna in agnimandya
Agnimandya (impaired digestive fire) is one of the most common clinical conditions described in Ayurveda and is considered the root cause of many diseases. Hingvastaka Churna, a classical Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation, has been widely used to enhance digestion and pacify Vata dosha. This review compiles classical references, pharmacological properties, and available research evidence to evaluate the effectiveness of Hingvastaka Churna in the management of Agnimandya. The findings indicate that the formulation significantly improves digestive strength, reduces symptoms such as flatulence, abdominal discomfort, and bloating, and enhances overall gastrointestinal function. Agnimandya, characterized by decreased digestive capacity, is a pathogenesis described in Ayurveda resulting from hypo-functioning of Agni (digestive fire). Factors such as irregular eating habits, sedentary lifestyle, and stress aggravate the condition, leading to the formation of Ama (metabolic toxins). Hingvastaka Churna is a traditional Ayurvedic formulation mentioned in classical texts for its deepana (appetizer) and pachana (digestive) properties. It is especially indicated in Vata-dominant gastrointestinal disorders, including Agnimandya, flatulence, colic, and indigestion. This review concludes that Hingvastaka Churna remains a safe, cost-effective, and potent formulation for the management of Agnimandya, although more standardized clinical trials are needed to validate its efficacy and mechanisms of action.
Exploring the Fundamental Pathway of Kushtha: From Agnimandya to Rasa Dushti
Ayurveda emphasizes Agni as the foundation of all metabolic and transformative processes in the body. The quality of Rasa Dhatu, the first and foremost nourishing tissue, is directly dependent on the strength of Jatharagni and Rasa Dhatvagni. When Agni becomes impaired, improper digestion and incomplete transformation of Ahara Rasa occur, resulting in Ama formation and defective Rasa Dhatu [1,2]. This vitiated Rasa circulates throughout the body, [3] obstructing Srotas and disturbing the equilibrium of Doshas, particularly Pitta and Kapha. Such pathological changes form the root cause of Kushtha (skin diseases). Therefore, correcting Agni is a primary therapeutic strategy to purify Rasa Dhatu, re-establish proper tissue metabolism, clear Srotas, and ultimately manage a wide spectrum of dermatological disorders.. Correction and nourishment of Rasa Dhatu forms the fundamental line of treatment in Kushtha, as imbalance of Rasa leads to impaired Twak (skin) function and contributes to the pathogenesis of all types of Kushtha. Rasa-dushti being the earliest pathological event in Kushtha [4,5], its correction becomes the basic principle of treatment ,
The importance of Agni in Sthaulya Vyadhi with special reference to obesity – a literature review
Obesity is one among the major diseases of modern era, increasing in prevalence. Sthaulya (Obesity) is well known from the Samhita period and is considered to be one of the eight undesirable conditions (AshtaNindita). It can be caused due to Mandagni as Agni is considered to be responsible for metabolism. Thus, a formed moves within body, further causing Medovruddhi, which produces excessive stoutness. According to modern science, among the many causes one of the causes for obesity is sedentary lifestyle, where there is more intake of fast food and less physical activity as compare to intake. Agni is sole cause for existence of life and its extinction leads to death; its proper maintenance helps to live a long life. There are four different states of jatharagni such as Visham (irregular), teekshna (intenese), Manda (weak or less powered) and Sama(well maintained and regular) states. Among the four different states of Agni Smagni is considerd as normal one, all others are considered as abnormal. Ashtau Ahara Vidhi Vishesh Ayatanas (eight rules for eating) explained in Ayurveda, is only carried out by Samagni. Agni is one of the important and basic phenomena of the life. It should be maintained at any cost to live a disease free life. State of Agni is having dominant role in the manifestation of lifestyle disorders as obesity is considerd as one of the life style disorder. Maintenance of Smagniis essential for the disease free life especially for diseases associated with lifestyle such as sthaulya.
Agni and Vyayama: Integrating Ayurvedic Metabolic Concepts with Modern Exercise Science, Epigenetic Evidence, and Translational Health Applications – A Review Article
This review integrates classical Ayurvedic concepts of Agni (digestive and metabolic fire) and Vyayama (exercise) with contemporary biomedical research on metabolism, gut microbiota, and exercise-induced epigenetic modifications. The Jatharagni, Dhatvagni, and Bhutagni of classical texts are correlated with modern gastrointestinal physiology, tissue enzymatic activity, and energy metabolism. Recent studies demonstrate that physical exercise enhances gut microbial diversity, modulates DNA methylation patterns in metabolic and structural genes, and is associated with slower epigenetic aging, providing mechanistic support for Ayurvedic claims that properly dosed Vyayama kindles Agni, reduces Ama (toxic metabolic residues), and promotes Ojas (vital resilience). The review proposes an integrative "Agni index" incorporating clinical, microbial, metabolic, and epigenetic markers, and outlines future applications in personalized Vyayama prescription and preventive medicine for cardiometabolic and age-related disorders.
A conceptual study on the role of Raktdhatvagni in disease manifestation
Abstract The factors which are responsible for pathogenesis (samprapti) of any disease are known as vyadhi ghatak. Abnormality in Dosha, Dushya, Srotasa, Agni and Aam are vyadhi ghataka means responsible for disease manifestation. Agni is a responsible for digestion, transformation, and metabolism in the body. The term ‘dhatvagni’ means the fraction of agni which functioning at level of dhatu for nourishment and metabolism. Raktadhatvagni, is responsible for the transformation and maintenance of the Rakta Dhatu (blood tissue). Giving life and sustaining vitality (Jeevana), enhancing complexion (varna prasadana), nourishing successor muscle tissue and other components (mansa dhatu poshana) are the main functions of rakta dhatu. Ratka dhatu plays major role for maintain vitality. Dysfunction of Raktadhatvagni leads to qualitative and quantitative abnormalities in Rakta dhatu. When Raktadhatvagni functions optimally, it maintains the qualities of Rakta Dhātu. Healthy Rakta dhatu performs it function properly. Hypo, hyper, or irregular states of Raktadhatvagni causes abnormalities in Rakta dhatu which causes many pathological conditions. This paper presents a conceptual study of Raktadhatvagni and its derangements through Ayurvedic physiology and pathology, emphasizing its correlation with clinical disease patterns.
Agni-Centric Understanding Of Klinnavartma (Blepharitis): An Integrative Ayurvedic Review for Preventive Ophthalmology
Klinnavartma is a Vartmagata Netra Roga described in classical Ayurvedic literature and exhibits close clinical similarity with Blepharitis of modern ophthalmology[1]. It is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory condition of the eyelids characterized by itching, discharge, redness, irritation, and crusting[2]. Although not directly sight-threatening, its persistent nature significantly affects ocular comfort, hygiene, and quality of life. Contemporary management strategies often provide only symptomatic relief, leading to frequent recurrences.[3,⁴] Ayurveda attributes the origin and persistence of such chronic inflammatory disorders to impaired Agni (digestive and metabolic fire). Disturbance of Agni results in the formation of Ama, which initiates systemic inflammation and Dosha vitiation, ultimately manifesting as localized disease. This review presents a comprehensive, narrative analysis of Klinnavartma in IMRAD format, emphasizing Agni as the central pathogenic and therapeutic factor. The article integrates Ayurvedic principles with modern clinical understanding, highlights preventive strategies, and underscores public health relevance. Keywords: Klinnavartma, Blepharitis, Agni, Ama, Preventive Ophthalmology, Ayurveda
The role of Udumbara (Ficus racemosa Linn.) unripe fruit in agnidushti with reference to digestive system diseases.
Introduction: Ayurveda describe a healthy person is one who possesses equilibrium of Tridosha,13 types of Agni, and excretion of mala, to balance physical and mental state. Agnidushti leads to indigestion, colitis, diarrhoea, dysentery, nausea, vomiting, and metabolic disorders like diabetes, obesity. It’s every part is used in treatment. It is used in the form of whole fruit , swarasa, curna, ksheerapaaka, siddha oil, avaleha, khalaka. Interdisciplinary Researches shown its antioxidant, hepatoprotective, hypoglycaemic, Gastro protective activity.Methods: Literature search done in Ayurveda classical texts, nighantus , and medicinal databases. Modern scientific data through search engines like Google Scholar, PubMed, PubMed Central, Ayush Portal..Didcussion:In Ayurveda udumbara is stated as pramehahara, atisarahara, yonidoshahara, sandhanakara, and balya due its kashayarasa and sheeta guna.Figs of Udumbar contains primary metabolites , minerals and phytoconstituents. Polyphenolic antioxidants, including dietary plant lignin, modulate the gut–brain axis. Phenolic compounds may help prevent or slow the progression of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Lupeol is possessing anticancer property against a few neoplasms leg, colorectal, lung, and liver.The flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolics, saponins, and terpenoids proven inhibiting activity of the alpha (α)-amylase and alpha (α)-glucosidase enzymes, and antimicrobial against (Staphylococcus and Bacillus ceresus ). It is used in Gastric ulcer.Conclusion: Udumbara will be cheapest, easily available nutrition to children, in pregnant woman, travellers, malnourished patients of Cancer, diabetes, HIV, Koch’s. The inhibiting ability of free radicals, α-amylase and α-glycosidase glycaemic enzymes can increase the probability of developing new dietary nutraceutical from Udumbara. Key words – Udumbar, agnidushti, digestive system, metabolic disorder, polyphenols
Therapeutic Role of Bhringaraj (Eclipta alba L.) in Pachan (Digestive Care):
Bhringaraj ( Eclipta alba L.), a prominent herb in the Asteraceae family, is extensively documented in classical Ayurvedic texts like Bruhatryees and Bhavaprakasha. While widely recognized as Keshya (hair tonic), its pharmacodynamic properties- specifically its Katu (pungent) and Tikta (bitter) taste (Rasa), combined with Ushna (hot) potency (Virya)- make it a critical agent for metabolic correction1. The aim of this project is to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of Bhringaraj in the management of digestive disorders (Koshtha roga) and hepatobiliary dysfunction2. This study involves a review of Ayurvedic literature and modern pharmacological data, analyzing formulations like Suvarnasootshekhar, Bhrugarajasav and phytochemicals such as wedelolactone3. It is observed that Bhringaraj acts as a potent Yakrut-uttejak (liver stimulant), downregulating inflammatory signals like NF-κB4. In conclusion, Bhringaraj is established not only as a rejuvenator but as a potent digestive aid that corrects Ama (metabolic toxins) and regulates bile secretion in all the strotas.
The role of Agni in menopausal transition: an Ayurvedic perspective
The menopause transition, marking the end of a woman's reproductive phase, is accompanied by a wide range of physiological and psychological changes. From an Ayurvedic perspective, these changes are significantly influenced by Agni, the biological fire responsible for digestion, metabolism, and transformation. Menopause often coincides with a decline or imbalance in Agni, leading to symptoms such as hot flashes, mood swings, insomnia, and digestive disturbances. This paper explores the dynamic interplay between Agni and the dosh shifts, particularly the aggravation of Vata and decline of Pitta, that characterised the menopausal period.Pitta is closely linked to the endocrine system. The fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone levels during perimenopause are governed by Pitta, contributing to symptoms like irritability, mood swings, and hot flashes.The onset of menopause brings Vata qualities like dryness (vaginal dryness, dry skin), irregularity (irregular menstrual cycles), and instability (mood swings, anxiety). These symptoms reflect the increasing influence of Vata Dosha. It also examines how regulating Agni through diet, lifestyle, and herbal interventions can help mitigate menopausal symptoms and support a smoother transition. Understanding this relationship opens pathways for integrative management strategies. Agni (digestive fire) regulates the body's metabolic activities, which are often imbalanced during perimenopause. Strengthening Agni helps manage fluctuations in metabolism that can lead to weight changes and other symptoms.
Dr Vaishnavi Gangurde Dr Vaishnavi Gangurde
Background: Arsha (haemorrhoids) is among the most common anorectal disorders, affecting 5–11% of the population at any given time and nearly 50% of individuals at some point in life. Classical Ayurvedic texts describe Arsha as mansankur vriddhi at gudavali, whereas modern medicine considers it a symptomatic enlargement and downward displacement of the anal cushions. Objective: This review evaluates the role of Agni (digestive and metabolic fire) in the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, prognosis, and management of Arsha Vyadhi. Methods: A comprehensive review of classical Ayurvedic texts—Sushruta Samhita, Charaka Samhita, Ashtanga Hridaya, and Madhava Nidana—along with modern Ayurvedic and biomedical research articles was performed. Results: Evidence from classical literature consistently indicates that Agnimandya plays a pivotal role at every stage of Arsha Vyadhi, from hetu to recurrence. Mandagni is highlighted as the essential predisposing factor by Acharyas, and modern research correlates this with dietary errors, constipation, and impaired gut motility. Deepana-Pachana drugs, Takra, and post-procedure Agni-supportive regimens remain central therapeutic strategies. Conclusion: Agni balance is fundamental in preventing, treating, and minimizing recurrence of Arsha. Integrating Agni-oriented management with contemporary interventions may significantly improve clinical outcomes.
Role of Aharavidhividhan in regulating agni:A Review
Introduction: The human body needs food to supply energy for all bodily functions, including development, repair, and maintenance. A balanced diet includes a variety of foods in amounts and ratios that meet the body's demands. However, one cannot get the most out of the food they eat if they are unaware of the correct dietary recommendations. Ayurveda places particular emphasis on three values that are thought to be crucial for maintaining life and health. Aahara, Nidra, and Bhramhacharya make up this significant triune. These three have been regarded as upsthambha, or the fundamentals of health and life. Aahara has been regarded as the first Traya-upsthambha, demonstrating its significance. Ayurveda in which many guidelines are given by Acharyas to modify digestion and get the maximum benefit of food that is being taken describes Ahara Vidhi. Materials: The data has been collected from Classical texts. Discussion: Each factor mentioned in Aaharavidhividhan has some scientific reason behind it and has got direct impact on digestion of the food as well as on the health status of the person. It is observed that improper intake of food has been directly mentioned as causative factor for diseases. Conclusion: It can be concluded that Aaharavidhividhan has great effect on health on very minute level. By following these rules of Aaharavidhi vidhan many kind of diseases can be prevented through
A Conceptual Review of Garbhashayagrivagata Vraṇa with Special Reference to Cervical Erosion: An Integrative Perspective
Introduction: Cervical erosion (ectropion) is a common gynecological condition characterized by chronic vaginal discharge, contact bleeding, and cervical congestion. Ayurveda describes a similar pathological entity under Garbhashayagrivagata Vraṇa, attributed to doṣa duṣṭi and srotoduṣṭi. Aim: To critically analyze the Ayurvedic concept of Garbhashayagrivagata Vraṇa and correlate it with the modern understanding of cervical erosion. Materials and Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted using classical Ayurvedic texts such as Suśruta Saṃhitā, Charaka Saṃhitā, Aṣṭāṅga Hṛdaya, Bhāvaprakāśa, and Bhaiṣajya Ratnāvali, along with modern gynecological textbooks and peer-reviewed journal articles including recent studies (2023–2025) on cervical erosion and Ayurvedic interventions. Results: Significant similarity was observed in etiology, symptomatology, and pathology between the two entities. Ayurvedic therapies such as yoni prakṣālana, yoni pichu, vraṇa śodhana, vraṇa ropaṇa, and kṣāra karma demonstrate potential benefits in symptom relief and tissue healing. Recent studies report clinical improvement in discharge, erosion size, and postcoital bleeding using these therapies. Conclusion: Garbhashayagrivagata Vraṇa shows strong conceptual correlation with cervical erosion. Ayurvedic management offers a conservative and holistic approach, and integrative therapy with modern diagnostics can improve outcomes. Further well-designed clinical trials are needed to validate integrative treatment protocols. Keywords: Cervical erosion, Garbhashayagrivagata Vraṇa, Yoni chikitsā, Ayurveda, Integrative gynecology
An effect of Pichudharan and Lepa Chikitsa in arterial ulcer- A Case Report
Arterial ulcers also referred to as ischemic ulcers, are caused due to insufficient arterial blood supply to the lower extremities This condition causes due to narrowing of arterial lumen due to various reasons. The overlying skin and tissues are then deprived of oxygen, killing these tissues and causing the area to form an open wound. The ulcers are often on the tips of the toes, on the heels, on the outer ankle, or where there is pressure from walking or footwear. This case study is about a 75 years old Hypertensive male with diagnosed with arterial ulcer on his right leg for one year. The ulcer was not healing with conventional allopathy medicines. The patient approached for Ayurvedic treatment at Shalyatantra OPD, APM’ Ayurved Mahavidyalaya & Seth R V Charitable Ayurvedic Hospital, Sion on 14/08/2023 with complaint of extreme pain and itching over wound on right leg. The patient was admitted and put on with daily application Triphala kwatha pichu over ulcers followed by application Lepa (powdered Ayurvedic drugs + lukewarm water) around ulcer margins over the right foot and leg region below knee and Oral Ayurvedic medications was given. The wound showed significant healing in 5weeks and satisfied the patient.
Ayurvedic management of Pakshavadha : a case report
A stroke is characterised as a sudden onset of localised neurological impairment brought on by conditions affecting the cerebral vasculature and its contents. The incidence of stroke in India ranges from 105 to 152/100,000 persons per year, leading to long term disability in adults and the second leading cause of death worldwide. Hemiplegia can be correlated with Pakshaghata which is one among the Vataja Nanatmaja Vikara characterized by loss of movement or disability of one side of the body. Methodology: A 66-year-old male came with complaints of inability to move right upper and lower extremities, deviation of angle of mouth towards left side and slurring of speech, unable to walk, loss of balance and loss of coordination Observation & Results: With the help of Shodhana and Shamana Chikitsa there is significant improvement in walking, in speech and improved muscle power grade and there was also considerable improvement in VAS, NIH Stroke Scale, the Barthel Index scale and in cranial nerve examination. Discussion & Conclusion: The treatment was meticulously planned based on the patient's Vyadhi Sthana and Dosha Pradhanyata. The Samprapti includes Avarana, and Srotorodha, resulting in impaired motor and sensory functions. Panchakarma-especially Vaitarana Basti, Shirobasti, Abhyanga and Swedana plays a vital role in neuro-muscular rejuvenation and Shamana Aushadhi helps to reduce vitiated Vata and break the Samprapti. Patient shows significant improvement in functions of upper and lower extremity at the end of treatment. Hence, Pakshavadhata can be effectively managed through a multidimensional Ayurvedic approach.
Role of Agni in Maintenance of Twacha: An Ayurvedic Review with Modern Correlation
Agni is the central pillar of Ayurvedic physiology and governs digestion, metabolism, transformation, and nourishment at all levels of the body. Twacha (skin), being the largest organ and an important indicator of internal health, is directly influenced by the status of Agni. Proper functioning of Jatharagni, Bhutagni, and Dhatvagni ensures adequate formation of Rasa and Rakta Dhatu, which are responsible for nourishment, complexion, immunity, and integrity of Twacha. Disturbance of Agni results in Ama formation, leading to obstruction of Srotas and manifestation of various Twacha Vikara such as Kushtha, Kandu, Vaivarnya, Mukhadushika, and premature aging. Modern science also supports the concept that digestion, metabolism, immunity, and gut health play a crucial role in skin health. This review study aims to analyze the classical Ayurvedic concept of Agni in relation to Twacha and establish its correlation with modern dermatological understanding. KEYWORDS: Agni, Twacha, Dhatu, Kushtha, Skin
A CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS OF DHATVAGNI DYSFUNCTION AS A ROOT MECHANISM IN ENDOCRINAL DISORDERS: AN INTEGRATIVE AYURVEDIC PERSPECTIVE
Dhatvagni—the metabolic fire residing in each tissue (dhatu)—is central to the Ayurvedic understanding of internal homeostasis and systemic health. Contemporary endocrinology similarly focuses on regulatory mechanisms that maintain metabolic, reproductive, and hormonal balance. This conceptual review explores Dhatvagni dysfunction as a core pathological mechanism underlying major endocrinal disorders including diabetes mellitus, thyroid dysfunction, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), obesity, and adrenal imbalances. Classical Ayurvedic references describe that hypo- or hyper-functioning of dhatus leads to improper tissue nourishment (dhatu poshana) and altered metabolic by-products, which parallel impaired hormonal synthesis, secretion, and feedback regulation. This paper integrates Ayurvedic theory with modern endocrine physiology, proposing Dhatvagni as an indigenous framework for understanding endocrine pathogenesis. The analysis highlights potential therapeutic implications of Deepana-Pachana, Rasayana, and dhatu-specific interventions for restoring metabolic equilibrium. Dhatvagni-centered models may enrich holistic approaches and bridge Ayurveda with modern endocrinology. KEYWORDS: Dhatvagni, Agni, Dhatu, Endocrinal Disorders, Metabolism, Hormonal Imbalance. INTRODUCTION: Ayurveda identifies Agni as the primary regulator of biological transformation, metabolism, and vitality. Beyond Jatharagni, Dhatvagni1 is the most significant tissue-specific metabolic force responsible for nourishment and qualitative maintenance of each dhatu. Modern endocrinology attributes metabolic regulation to hormones that govern digestion, tissue regeneration, energy storage, reproduction, immunity, and stress response. Increasing prevalence of endocrinal disorders necessitates integrative frameworks to understand their root mechanisms. Ayurveda conceptualizes these disorders as dhatu-level metabolic imbalances stemming from Dhatvagni dysfunction. This paper examines Dhatvagni dysfunction in relation to endocrine pathology and proposes correlations between classical Ayurvedic principles and modern endocrine science.
Sushruta’s view of Arsha: An Interdisciplinary Framework for Managing Haemorrhoids as a Digestive Disease
Abstract: Haemorrhoids (Arsha) remain one of the most common anorectal disorders globally, with significant impact on quality of life despite modern advancements in diagnosis and treatment. Contemporary medicine explains haemorrhoids as pathological dilatations of the anal venous plexus, influenced by factors such as constipation, straining, and increased intra-abdominal pressure. In contrast, classical Ayurvedic literature—particularly the Sushruta Saṁhitā—presents Arsha as a systemic disease rooted in impaired Agni (digestive fire) and Doṣha imbalance. This research critically examines Sushruta’s conceptualization of Arsha, correlating it with modern understanding to develop an interdisciplinary framework for comprehensive management. The study analyses Ayurvedic etiological factors (Nidāna), highlighting the roles of Āhārāja, Vihārāja, and secondary diseases, and emphasizing the central involvement of Mandāgni in pathogenesis. Sushruta’s four-fold therapeutic approach—Bheshaja, Kṣhāra, Agni, and Śhastra Karma—is evaluated alongside contemporary practices such as conservative therapy, sclerotherapy, thermal coagulation, and haemorrhoidectomy, revealing remarkable parallels in indications and methodology. Findings suggest that Ayurvedic principles, particularly those targeting digestive health and lifestyle regulation, complement modern interventions and offer a holistic strategy for preventing recurrence and improving outcomes. This integrative analysis reinforces the continued relevance of Sushruta’s teachings and supports the incorporation of Ayurvedic concepts into modern anorectal care. Keywords: Agni; Arsha; Haemorrhoids; Interdisciplinary Framework ; Sushruta Samhita
Exploring the concept of na ati druta asniyat with special reference to Agni
Ayurveda emphasizes not only the quality and quantity of food but also the manner of eating. Na Ati Druta Asniyat—the instruction to avoid eating too fast—is one of the key principles of Ahara Vidhi Vidhana described by Acharya Charaka in vimansthana. This rule plays a crucial role in the maintenance of Agni, the central factor governing digestion, metabolism, and health. Rapid eating disturbs the physiological process of digestion, leading to Agnidushti and formation of Ama, which further predisposes an individual to various digestive and systemic disorders. Modern research supports this concept by linking fast eating to impaired enzymatic digestion, altered satiety signaling, gastroesophageal reflux disease, obesity, and metabolic disorders. This paper explores the concept of Na Ati Druta Asniyat with special reference to Agni and correlates it with contemporary scientific understanding of digestion and enzyme physiology.
A Randomized Controlled Clinical Evaluation of Night-Time Draksha Infusion Water in the Management of Acid-Peptic Symptoms.
ABSTRACT Acid-peptic disorders correlate with Amla Pitta in Ayurveda, arising from Pitta prakopa along with vishama ahara, raatri jagarana and mental stress. Draksha (Vitis vinifera) is described as Sheetala, Mridu, Pitta-shamaka and Raktaprasadana, beneficial in Amlapitta and hyperacidity. Although Draksha is widely used, its therapeutic effect as night-soaked infusion water has not been clinically evaluated. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of night-time Draksha infusion water, intake in morning for reducing acid-peptic symptoms. METHODS A randomized controlled clinical study was conducted on 20 adults (18–50 years) fulfilling inclusion criteria for functional acid-peptic symptoms (non-ulcer dyspepsia) with classical Amlapitta lakshanas. Subjects were randomized into two groups (n=10 each): Intervention Group: Night-time Draksha Infusion Water (10–12 raisins) soaked overnight in 100 ml water; infusion consumed on empty stomach in morning. Control Group: 100 ml plain water on empty stomach in morning. RESULTS The Draksha infusion group showed a significant reduction in epigastric burning, reflux episodes and Amlapitta symptoms compared to the control group. Improvement in Agni and decreased need for antacids were observed. No adverse events occurred. DISCUSSION Draksha’s Sheetala, Pittashamaka, Mridu Rechana and Vata-Anulomana properties help pacify aggravated Pitta and soothe the upper GI tract. The infusion format enhances bio-availability and mild Anulomana without heaviness. CONCLUSION Night-time Draksha infusion water is a safe, novel and effective Ayurvedic intervention for acid-peptic symptoms, showing promising results for future large-scale RCTs. KEYWORDS Draksha, Acid Peptic Symptoms, Amlapitta.
Dr.Hitendra A. Bhadane Hitendra A. Bhadane
Conceptual Review of Panchabhoutika Composition of Pitta Dosha Types and Gunas: Integrating Brihatrayi, Laghutrayi, and Rasa Grantha Perspectives
Background and Objective: Pitta dosha represents the principle of metabolic transformation and thermal regulation in Ayurvedic physiology, manifesting through five anatomically-distinct types and seven operative gunas (qualities) grounded in Panchamahabhuta theory. This review integrates classical understanding from Brihatrayi , Laghutrayi, and Rasa Grantha traditions while clarifying the clinically-important differentiation between Sasneha and Sneha (Kapha's gross unctuousness). Methods: Systematic literary analysis of primary Sanskrit texts and established commentaries (Chakrapani Tika, Dalhana Tika, Arunadatta Tika) with comparative cross-referential examination of Laghutrayi works emphasizing pathological refinements and Rasa Grantha applications in metallic medicine processing. Key Findings: Pitta's composition demonstrates consistent Agni mahabhuta (60-70%) predominance with Jala mahabhuta (20-30%) as essential modulator across all classical texts. The five types—Pachaka, Ranjaka, Sadhaka, Alochaka, and Bhrajaka—display site-specific Panchabhoutika variation while maintaining core Agni-Jala synergy. Seven gunas (Sasneha, Tikshna, Ushna, Drava, Amla, Sara, Katu) derive elementally: Agni-dominant for Ushna-Tikshna-Katu (~70%); Jala-dominant for Drava-Sara-Sasneha (~25%); Prithvi-sourced for Amla (~5%). Laghutrayi literature refines symptomatological presentations (particularly Madhava Nidana's dual-type Amlapitta classification based on guna combinations), while Rasa Granthas extend Pitta theory to alchemical Tejas-mediated metal transmutation. The Sasneha-Sneha distinction clarified through oil-spreading experiments demonstrates Pitta's penetrative lubrication (30-60s spread, 3-4cm depth) versus Kapha's obstructive coating (3-5 minutes, 1cm pooling). Conclusions: Integrated analysis across Brihatrayi, Laghutrayi, and Rasa Granthas reveals Pitta's sophisticated elemental dynamism, enabling clinicians to execute precise Shamana and Virechana therapies. Guna-element mapping supports Prakriti-based diagnostics and clinical differentiation. The oil/ghee spreading model provides pedagogical clarity for BAMS education, strengthening Panchabhoutika Chikitsa from classical text to patient application.
Decline of Agni as a marker of aging: an Ayurvedic geriatric perspective
Ayurveda recognizes Agni, the biological and metabolic fire, as the fundamental determinant of health, vitality, and longevity. Ayurvedic texts emphasize that balanced Agni sustains physiological harmony, while its impairment leads to disease and degeneration. Aging (Jara) is described as a natural, time-bound process characterized by Vāta predominance, Dhātu kṣaya, and progressive decline in functional capacity. Among these changes, gradual weakening of Agni emerges as a central and consistent phenomenon. The present study aims to explore the decline of Agni as a conceptual and functional marker of aging from Ayurvedic geriatric perspective. This work is based on an extensive literary review of Ayurvedic texts including Bṛhattrayī and LaghuTrayī. Relevant concepts from modern gerontology and metabolism were also reviewed for conceptual correlation. The analysis reveals that aging is intrinsically associated with Agni mandya, resulting in reduced digestive capacity, impaired nutrient assimilation, weakened tissue metabolism, and diminished formation of successive Dhātus. The predominance of Vāta in old age, with its rukṣa, laghu, and śīta qualities, directly antagonizes Agni, accelerating metabolic decline and tissue depletion. Classical descriptions of reduced strength, vitality, appetite, and resilience in the elderly closely parallel modern observations of metabolic slowdown, reduced enzyme activity, hormonal decline, sarcopenia, and impaired cellular repair. The study highlights that maintaining Agni through appropriate Ahāra, Vihāra, Vāta- śamana, and Rasāyana measures may play a vital role in promoting healthy aging. Ayurveda thus offers a holistic framework wherein Agni functions not merely as a digestive entity, but as a key indicator of biological aging, resilience, and longevity.