Agni-Centric Understanding Of Klinnavartma (Blepharitis): An Integrative Ayurvedic Review for Preventive Ophthalmology
##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.main##
Abstract
Klinnavartma is a Vartmagata Netra Roga described in classical Ayurvedic literature and exhibits close clinical similarity with Blepharitis of modern ophthalmology[1]. It is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory condition of the eyelids characterized by itching, discharge, redness, irritation, and crusting[2]. Although not directly sight-threatening, its persistent nature significantly affects ocular comfort, hygiene, and quality of life. Contemporary management strategies often provide only symptomatic relief, leading to frequent recurrences.[3,⁴]
Ayurveda attributes the origin and persistence of such chronic inflammatory disorders to impaired Agni (digestive and metabolic fire). Disturbance of Agni results in the formation of Ama, which initiates systemic inflammation and Dosha vitiation, ultimately manifesting as localized disease. This review presents a comprehensive, narrative analysis of Klinnavartma in IMRAD format, emphasizing Agni as the central pathogenic and therapeutic factor. The article integrates Ayurvedic principles with modern clinical understanding, highlights preventive strategies, and underscores public health relevance.
Keywords: Klinnavartma, Blepharitis, Agni, Ama, Preventive Ophthalmology, Ayurveda
##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.details##
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
- 1. Shukla VD, Tripathi RD, editors. Charaka Samhita. Reprint ed. New Delhi:
- Chaukhambha Sanskrit Pratishthan; 2004.
- 2. Acharya YT, editor. Sushruta Samhita. Reprint ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha
- Surabharati Prakashan; 2003.
- 3. Paradakar HS, editor. Ashtanga Hridaya of Vagbhata. Reprint ed. Varanasi:
- Chaukhambha Orientalia; 2005.
- 4. Chunekar KC, editor. Bhavaprakasha Nighantu. Reprint ed. Varanasi:
- Chaukhambha Bharati Academy; 2015.
- 5. Kanski JJ, Bowling B. Clinical Ophthalmology: A Systematic Approach. 7th ed.
- Edinburgh: Elsevier Saunders; 2011.
- 6. McCulley JP. Blepharitis. Surv Ophthalmol. 1984;28(4):181–203.
- 7. Lemp MA, Nichols KK. Blepharitis in the United States 2009: A survey-based
- perspective on prevalence and treatment. Ocul Surf. 2009;7(2 Suppl):S1–S14.
- 8. Knop E, Knop N, Millar T, Obata H, Sullivan DA. The international workshop on
- meibomian gland dysfunction: Report of the subcommittee on anatomy, physiology,
- and pathophysiology of the meibomian gland. Prog Retin Eye Res.
- 2011;30(2):125–165.
- 9. Bron AJ, de Paiva CS, Chauhan SK, Bonini S, Gabison EE, Jain S, et al. TFOS
- DEWS II pathophysiology report. Ocul Surf. 2017;15(3):438–510.
- 10. Gupta SK. Preventive Ophthalmology. New Delhi: CBS Publishers & Distributors;
- 2014.
- 11. Sharma PV. Dravyaguna Vigyana. Vol 1–2. Reprint ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha
- Bharati Academy; 2006.
- 12. Tripathi B. Netra Roga Vigyana. Reprint ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Surabharati
- Prakashan; 2010.
- 13. World Health Organization. WHO Traditional Medicine Strategy 2014–2023.
- Geneva: World Health Organization; 2013.
- 14. Patwardhan B. Integrative Ayurveda: A new paradigm for health care. J Ayurveda
- Integr Med. 2014;5(1):1–3.